The elderly's diet health care principle

The elderly's diet health care principle
(1)Reduce intaking amount of cholesterol, maintain the intersection of cardiovascular vessel and healthy the elderly, keep energetic and the intersection of physical stamina and vigorous important diet principle, reduce the intaking amount of cholesterol in the diet, in order to prevent the blood vessel from wearing out. There is too much cholesterol, will accelerate the elderly's arteriosclerosis, will increase the morbidity of cardiovascular vessel illness. So, under the precondition of maintaining the normal weight, should pay attention to choosing the food. The concrete measure is: Exercise restraint in eating the food containing high cholesterol strictly, such as various animal fat (except duck's oil, fish oil) , animal internal organs food, egg yolk, roe, squid, crab's fish, butter, cream and chocolate,etc. sweet food; Avoid absorbing the salt too much; Select to eat the vegetable oil of unsaturated fatty acid with higher content (except coconut oil) more ,Contain, promote blood vessel to be healthy also in the oil the, resist the aging Vitamin E. (2)Restrain total energy from taking in, assign energy source people to pass the middle age rationally, the basic metabolism rate of organism drops gradually, reduce activity gradually,energy delivery volume generally than in young people reducing 10- 20%. In normal cases, energy need and its appetite of the human body suit. When the normal appetite is satisfied, the energy demand can generally be satisfied, the weight remains unchanged. Necessary energy of the human body comes from carbohydrate, fat and protein. A gram of carbohydrate or protein, can produce 16,740 joule(J)s (4 kilocalories) Heat. A gram of fat can produce 37,660 joule(J)s (9 kilocalories) Heat. The elderly normal in weight, necessary heat is about in four seasons: 7,640,000 joule(J)s, 7,642,000 joule(J)s, 7,315,000 joule(J)s, 7,370,000 joule(J)s in winter in autumn in summer in spring. Used to Chinese traditional meal, the energy that the carbohydrate offers accounts for 60%- 70% of total energy, the fat accounts for 20%- 25%, protein accounts for 10%- 15%. If there is too little too high, fat content of content of carbohydrate in the meal, then the meal volume will increase. It is hungry to be neither able to bear like this, will increase the consumption of B clan vitamin, influence the normal absorption of lipid-soluble vitamin; If the fat content is too high, there is too little carbohydrate, it is apt to suffer from diseases such as coronary heart disease, cancer of colon, breast cancer,etc.; If there are too few proteins, will also influence the health, passes supersession and burden that will increase the kidney of liver at most. It is obvious, the energy source in the daily meal is extremely important that assign rationally. (3)Limit the total intaking amount of the fat, reducing the senile sick fat includes high energy, can store in the human body, few people cause pathological change because of lacking fat. But, ingest too much fat, exchange the intersection of kindling and many kinds of senile disease very much, such as high the intersection of cholesterol and the intersection of blood and disease, high the intersection of lipoprotein and the intersection of blood and disease, organ organize canceration and indigestion type to suffer from diarrhoea etc.. Because there are few vegetable fibres in the high lipoprotein meal, will make the intestines and stomach wriggle and is weak, it is too long to leave time the excrement and urine in the body memory, thus has aggravated other source and endogenous toxin and acted on causing a disease of the human body. The fat in the meal mainly comes from the oil for cooking, meat, cream, butter,etc., its total amount is unsuitable to exceed 25% of the total amount of food, such that per kilogram of weight of every day absorb under 1 gram. The body is fat or the overweight one, the absorbing amount should also add the restriction severely. (4)Pay attention to the supply of protein, it is a kind of most important nutrient to prevent deficiency disease and protein, its base unit is amino acid, nearly participate in all normal physiological activities in the human body. Protein is a material base of the life, no protein, no lives. In the elderly, many people have slight the intersection of protein and deficiency disease, such as anaemia and resistance against diseases reduce and nervous system and endocrine system regulating function fail, muscular tissue degradate and enzyme activity lower etc., the symptom is often concealed but not got enough attention by the aging phenomenon of the organism. The total amount of protein that the elderly ingest generally can't be lower than the middle-aged person, such that per kilogram of weight of every day guarantee 1- 1.5 grams. Its main source is as follows, meat, aquatic products, eggs, doing beans and fresh milk. It is relatively bad that the elderly's gastrointestinal tract absorb the function, protein in the daily meal takes high-quality complete protein and half a complete protein as the core, namely animal protein and beans and proteinoid. In this way, could well satisfy organism's demands for protein. (5)Pay attention to choosing the food, improve the nutritive value after guaranteeing the abundance of every main nutrient is supplied, should also be extremely digestion absorption rate of the food of attention, namely make great efforts to improve the nutritive value of the food. The main method is the following two: Pay attention to choosing the easily digestible food. For example, protein content of the soya bean is high, has good quality, but it is difficult for the elderly to chew, so, had better select to eat yellow soyfood, for instance soya-bean milk, bean sprouts, bean curd, skin of soya-bean milk, if can get 8 grams of proteins to drink 200 ml of soya-bean milk every day. Not merely protein content is high for chicken, and the connective tissue is soft, the fat is distributed evenly, so apter to digest. The meat of the fish is delicate, the muscle fibre is relatively short, high in moisture content, includes less saturated fatty acid, protein can be up to 87%- 98% while digesting the absorption rate. Notice the grain, beans or rice, surface mixing the food. The elderly are lower than the middle-aged person to the net utilization ratios of the flour and rice, if can it is suitable to match all kinds of food, can fully play a complementary role in protein, thus improve the nutritive value of the food greatly. For example, after by accounting for 33% of the bean powder, flour, corn powder and making and mixing the food respectively, it is 40% respectively that its nutritive value improves by 8 times and use 20% of soya bean, corn and millet comparing with the time of ingesting more alone originally, after mixing and wasting breaking to pieces, its nutritive value can be improved by more than 3 times. In addition daily various beans boil the porridge, cook or can also improve his nutritive value to cook fillings. (6)Pay attention to selecting coarse food grain and brown rice food for use, slow aging the process selects to eat the coarse food grain and brown rice appropriately, not merely can give full play to chewing the function of teeth, strengthen the resistance against diseases of the periodontium, keep the stability of teeth, can also postpone the aging courses of teeth and the periodontium. In addition because coarse food grain and brown rice products apt to make people produce full the intersection of belly and sense, can help the elderly avoid too much absorption of nutrient all kinds of effectively. Offal volume after contain a large amount of cellulose in this kind of food, can increase the human body to digest and assimilate to the food ing, make it discharge outside the body very fast, thus has reduced the possibility that all kinds of toxin encroaches on the organism. The Vitamin E contained in the brown rice plumule at the same time is natural antioxidant, help to maintain the normal function of the human cell membrane, thus delay the aging course of organism. (7)Recommend nutrition to be overall, must guard against partial to a limited variety of food only edible food any, and does not contain and hurt the material, can all be called the nutritious food, because it contains one or more of nutrient at least. If various food are matched aptly ,Not only can dispel the bad function of some food, help to produce the complementary function between the nutrient. The elderly in many aspects multi-functional in demand in nutrition, have which one or several kinds natural food can include essential for human body many kinds of nutrient component totally. What a lot of people have formed in living for a long time to some food shows favouritism to specially, and then produced the phenomenon partial to a limited variety of food; Some people have taken the incorrect going on a diet method or excessive vegetarian diet because of a certain cause; Still some people are one-sided to pursue the gourmet's luck, indulge the appetite, plenty of meat and fish all day, have a liking for and eat the advanced tonic, candy, pastry, all this kind, certainly will cause the elderly's malnutrition and oneself immune function to drop, its consequence is to damage the health, even cause some diseases. The elderly's meal on ordinary days must insist on the diversification, strive to allocate rationally, in order to guarantee nutritive equilibrium.

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